Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Concepts and Applications PDF Book

EBook Description: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology offers students, pharmacy and related Medical and Pharmaceutical courses a comprehensive introduction to the rapidly developing field of biopharmaceuticals. Made with a special focus on the issue from a pharmaceutical perspective, offer the first chapter, a broad introduction to protein science and recombinant DNA technology-key areas that support the whole thing. Subsequent chapters focus on the development, production and analysis of these substances. Finally, moving the book on the science, biotechnology, and explore medical applications of specific biotech products categories. These include not only protein substances but also nucleic acid and cell count-based products.

The first step in discovering a new medicine is to identify a therapeutic target. Drugs in today�s market as well as those in recent clinical testing target less than 500 biomolecules, with more than 10 times that many potential therapeutic targets waiting to be discovered and developed (Drews, 2000). More than 50% of the newly approved drugs result from R&D involving previously clinically tested and validated targets. Once a target has been validated (proven to be related to the disease process), high-throughput screening methods may be used to determine initial structural leads. Compounds are assessed for target affinity and for their �druglike� properties, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) using a series of in vivo and in vitro tests. The results of these tests are used to improve the structure and therefore the properties of the next round of test compounds, until ultimately one or more acceptable compounds are advanced forward in the process. This stage of discovery, which can be lengthy and difficult to predict, is generally referred to as lead optimization.

PATHWAY ANALYSIS FOR DRUG DISCOVERY Computational Infrastructure and Applications Book

Pathway analysis is a rapidly developing discipline that combines software tools, database models, and computational algorithms � all of which help molecular biologists to convert molecular interaction data into a set of computational models. The models are developed for better prediction of cell behavior in response to a drug, nutrients, or other outside stimuli. The development of pathway analysis was triggered by the expansion of high - throughput methods and the completion of human genome sequencing project. Because of these technological advances, the emphasis of molecular biology has shifted from reductionism to system integration.

Statistical Issues in Drug Development Second 2nd Edition Book

Drug development is the process not only of finding and producing therapeutically useful pharmaceuticals and of turning them into high-quality formulations of usable, effective and safe medicines, but also of delivering valuable, reliable and trustworthy information about appropriate doses and dosing intervals and about likely effects and side-effects of these treatments. Drug development is a process carried out by sponsors (mainly pharmaceutical companies) and its acceptability is ultimately judged by regulators. It is an extremely complex business and the risks are high, but the potential rewards are also considerable.

Animal Cell Technology: From Biopharmaceuticals to Gene Therapy Book

Despite the dominance of animal cell culture in the production of biopharmaceuticals in recent times, this technology was not consolidated into standardized large-scale bioprocesses until the 1990s. Nevertheless, the first experience with animal cell culture can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century. By the use of the hanging drop technique and frog heart lymph, Ross Harrison, at Yale, tried between 1906 and 1910 to elucidate how the nervous fiber is originated (Witkowski, 1979). He considered three hypotheses: (i) in situ formation from the nerve sheath; (ii) preformed protoplasmic bridges; or (iii) as a result of the nerve cell growth itself. When Harrison demonstrated the validity of the third hypothesis, he also confirmed the cell as the primary developing unit of multicellular organisms.

Computational Pharmacokinetics Book

When you take a drug, you do that because you want an effect � reduced headache, relief from an asthma attack, lower blood pressure, or something else. When you swallow a tablet, the substance in it is absorbed and distributed in the body, before being metabolized and/or eliminated. The science that deals with this is pharmacokinetics, abbreviated PK. It involves a modelling part in which data obtained from clinical studies are used to describe how the drug is handled by and distributed in the body. Clinical pharmacokinetics is the bedside application of this information, assuring that the drug is appropriately used in the treatment of a medical condition.

Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems DRUGS AND THE PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Book

Nanotechnology and nanoscience are widely seen as having a great potential to bring benefits to many areas of research and applications. It is attracting increasing investments from governments and private sector businesses in many parts of the world. Concurrently, the application of nanoscience is raising new challenges in the safety, regulatory, and ethical domains that will require extensive debates on all levels.

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